Tutorial rápido de C# (C Sharp) Parte 1: Conceptos básicos

///
/// TUTORIAL RÁPIDO DE C# (C Sharp)
/// (Parte 1)
///
/// * Vía: http://www.csharp-station.com/Tutorial.aspx
///

// **********************************
// * Tipos básicos de datos en C# (C Sharp)

Type  Size (bits) Range
======== =========== ===========================================
sbyte    8           -128 to 127
byte   8    0 to 255
short       16    -32768 to 32767
ushort      16    0 to 65535
int   32    -2147483648 to 2147483647
uint   32    0 to 4294967295
long   64    -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807
ulong       64    0 to 18446744073709551615
char   16    0 to 65535

Type  Size (bits) Precision    Range
======== =========== ==================== ===========================
float       32    7 digits     1.5 x 10-45 to 3.4 x 1038
double      64    15-16 digits    5.0 x 10-324 to 1.7 x 10308
decimal     128   28-29 decimal places    1.0 x 10-28 to 7.9 x 1028

// **********************************
// * Arrays de variables/objetos en C# (C Sharp)

string[] names = {"Cheryl", "Joe", "Matt", "Robert"};


// **********************************
// * Crear un programa básico en C# (C Sharp)

// Namespace Declaration
using System;

// Program start class
class WelcomeCSS
{
   // Main begins program execution.
   static void Main()
   {
      // Write to console
      Console.WriteLine("Welcome to the Tutorial!");
   }
}

//* o leyendo los parámetros que se pasan por consola

using System;

// Program start class
class NamedWelcome
{
   // Main begins program execution.
   static void Main(string[] args)
   {
      // Write to console
      Console.WriteLine("Hello, {0}!", args[0]);
      Console.WriteLine("Welcome to the Tutorial!");
   }
}

// **********************************
// * Escribir/leer en la consola en C# (C Sharp)

Console.WriteLine("Hello console!!");

// Write to console/get input
Console.Write("What is your name?: ");
Console.Write("Hello, {0}! ", Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("Welcome to the C# Station Tutorial!");

// * ó

string name = Console.ReadLine();

// **********************************
// * Estructura de los métodos

bool createAddress(string name)
{
   Address addr = new Address(name);
   storeAddress(addr);
   return true;
}

// **********************************
// * Crear clases en C# (C Sharp)

using System;

public class Echo
{
   string myString;

   public Echo(string aString)
   {
      myString = aString;
   }

   public void Tell()
   {
      Console.WriteLine(myString);
   }
}

public class Hello
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      Echo h = new Echo("Hello my 1st C# object !");
      h.Tell();
   }
}

// **********************************
// * Estructuras de control en C# (C Sharp)

// if, and else if, and else
// Multiple Case Decision
if (myInt < 0 || myInt == 0)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Your number {0} is less than or equal to zero.", myInt);
}
else if (myInt > 0 && myInt <= 30)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Your number {0} is in the range from 21 to 30.", myInt);
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("Your number {0} is greater than 30.", myInt);
}

// switch with integer type
switch (myInt)
{
case 1:
    Console.WriteLine("Your number is {0}.", myInt);
    break;
case 2:
    Console.WriteLine("Your number is {0}.", myInt);
    break;
case 3:
    Console.WriteLine("Your number is {0}.", myInt);
    break;
default:
    Console.WriteLine("Your number {0} is not between 1 and 3.", myInt);
    break;
}

// while loop
while (myInt < 10)
{
    Console.Write("{0} ", myInt);
    myInt++;
}

// do-while loop
do
{
    // Print A Menu
    Console.WriteLine("Something\n");

} while (condition != false);

// for loop
for (int i=0; i < 20; i++)
{
    if (i == 10)
        break;

    if (i % 2 == 0)
        continue;

    Console.Write("{0} ", i);
}

// foreach loop
string[] names = {"Cheryl", "Joe", "Matt", "Robert"};
foreach (string person in names)
{
    Console.WriteLine("{0} ", person);
}

// **********************************
// * Namespaces en C# (C Sharp)

namespace ns1
{
    namespace ns2
    {
        // Program start class
        class NamespaceCSS
        {
            // Main begins program execution.
            public static void Main()
            {
                // Write to console
                Console.WriteLine("This is a Namespace.");
            }
        }
    }
}